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Legal
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LEGAL SEARCH ENGINES & LEGAL INDICES
JUMPING OFF POINTS
The line continues to blur between search engines,
indices and well designed homepages. Here are some
great places to start your research.
everlove.net (http://www.everlove.net)
is the Everlove & Associates, Inc. homepage. Wanda
Barrett is the Web Goddess. It’s concise, not comprehensive.
Florida orientation. One of the few sites that lists
Professional Associations as a category of links.
also, you can e-mail us at
nora@everlove.net
wanda@everlove.net
STETSON COLLEGE OF LAW
(http://www.law.stetson.edu)
My personal favorite. Extremely well designed page.
Fabulous starting place!
Some of the features include:
- Stetson’s card catalog
- Stetson’s Case Law Archive (Beta Test) which includes
cases from all Florida DCAs
- Links to most major sites
Legal Resources at Stetson: http://legalnet.law.stetson.edu/law/default.htm
Cornell
http://www.law.cornell.edu/
Home to tons of information and tons of sites.
Excellent organization. Please note: when you
search other sites, often they link to Cornell.
Emory
http://www.law.emory.edu/LAW/refdesk/toc.html
STATUTORY REFERENCES
FEDERAL STATUTORY REFERENCES
American Law Sources On-line (ALSO)
http://www.lawsource.com/also/usa.cgi?us1
Has browse and full-text search capabilities
with limits. Good but not great search engine.
Searches Cornell. Includes second sources for
information when available.
Includes:
Bills Text from 1989 forward
Summaries from 1973 forward
Statutes at Large from 1973 forward
USC current through 1996
Popular Names Tables
FindLaw
http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/code.html
Legal Mega-index. Good for statutory law but
main strength is case law. Less than perfect organization.
Includes a link to Cornell Law School with most
"current" version of the code:
"As of this writing Titles 1-25 are the
laws in force as of January 1, 1998. Titles 26-50
are the laws in force as of January 1, 1997. Updated
information will be added here within 24 hours
of its availability from the House."
http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/
Thomas
http://thomas.loc.gov/
Government Site. Best site for pending or recent
legislation. Emphasis is on bills and not codified
law. Includes Congressional Record.
FedLaw
http://fedlaw.gsa.gov/
Government site. Very comprehensive but includes
links to sites that are not full-text searchable
and a few that just don’t exist. Strong suit is
statutory and regulatory resources. Has a nice
side window for quick access. Includes references
to alternative links which may due the trick when
default databases fail.
Washlaw
http://lawlib.wuacc.edu/washlaw/searchlaw.html
Washburn University School of Law. Takes a bit
of scrolling but you eventually get to the legislative
sites. The ultimate gateway to other sites.
Stetson
http://legalnet.law.stetson.edu/law/fedlaw.htm
Includes the links that you expect but not laid
out as well as some others.
Internet Law Library
http://law.house.gov/2.htm
Originally, the House of Representatives Internet
Law Library. Well organized site. Emphasis on
legislative information. Additionally, nice links
to law school libraries.
STATE STATUTORY REFERENCES
The following includes references to all fifty
states however quality, comprehensiveness and
"searchability" will vary from state
to state.
Stetson
http://legalnet.law.stetson.edu/law/statelaw.htm
Cornell
http://www.law.cornell.edu/states/listing.html
American Law Sources On-line
http://www.lawsource.com/also/#[United States]
Findlaw
http://www.findlaw.com/11stategov/
Internet Law Library
http://law.house.gov/17.htm
Washburn
http://lawlib.wuacc.edu/washlaw/uslaw/statelaw.html
MUNICIPAL CODES - STATUTORY
REFERENCES
Municipal Code Corporation
http://www.municode.com/database.html
Includes hundreds of Florida towns and cities.
This is everything you want a website to be. Very
strong search engine.
Note: Tampa code requires a password. Do not
click where it says "password." Click
on "Tampa." It is free, the clerks’
office gives it out:
User ID: flc
Password: code
Tampa: http://www.municode.com/folio.pgi/10132.NFO?
St. Petersburg: http://www.municode.com/folio.pgi/11602.NFO?
Clearwater: http://www.municode.com/folio.pgi/10148.NFO?
American Legal Publisher
http://www.amlegal.com/alpeg004.htm
Has a few more
FLORIDA STATUTORY REFERENCES
Online Sunshine: The Official Guide to the Florida
Legislature
http://www.leg.state.fl.us/
Includes links to Bills, Legislators, etc.
To search the 1998 statutes:
http://www.leg.state.fl.us/citizen/documents/statutes/search1998.html
Statutes from 1993 forward are available.
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JUDICIAL REFERENCES
FEDERAL JUDICIAL REFERENCES
- Always search more than one site whenever
possible. You will get different results!
Federal Rules of Court
American Law Sources Online (ALSO)
http://www.lawsource.com/also/usa.cgi?us1
scroll to the very bottom of the screen
U.S. Supreme Court
Supreme Court coverage is excellent. Most sites
are full-text word searchable, within 24-hours
of current, and go back as far as 1893.
American Law Sources Online (ALSO)
http://www.lawsource.com/also/usa.cgi?us1
Includes: Active hyperlinks to cases cited within
the case; Includes a link to cases citing; case
you are viewing; Highlight hits.
FindLaw
http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/
Includes the same features as ALSO, but notice
your results are different! See ©
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FedLaw
http://fedlaw.gsa.gov/legal30.htm
Gives a variety of sites to search Supreme Court
cases.
Washlaw
http://lawlib.wuacc.edu/washlaw/searchlaw.html
Links to five sites to search the Supreme Court
decisions.
Note: Washburn lets you search ALL federal
cases (available through their site) simultaneously
using the Harvest system. It gathers cases from
Villanova, Emory, Georgetown, U Texas, LJ extra.
Search result display quotes the line of text
in which your terms appear.
Cornell
http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/
Stetson
http://legalnet.law.stetson.edu/law/fedlaw.htm
Organization is lacking but does include additional
sites.
The U.S. House Internet Law Library
http://law.house.gov/6.htm
Oyez, Oyez, Oyez
http://oyez.nwu.edu/
Includes oral arguments & a virtual tour
of the Supreme Court building.
U.S. CIRCUITS
- Always search more than one site whenever possible.
You will get different results!
Coverage is very limited. Each circuit has
a different span of time. The 11th Circuit
is available from 12/94 forward.
Note: the 10th Circuit is not covered
at one site. You have search both Emory & Washburn
for "complete" coverage.
American Law Sources Online (ALSO)
http://www.lawsource.com/also/usa.cgi?us1#Z1R
11th Circuit: http://www.law.emory.edu/11circuit/11casearch.html
(default site)
Easy to see the dates covered. Also, includes alternative
sites to search.
WashLaw
http://lawlib.wuacc.edu/washlaw/searchlaw.html
11th Circuit: http://www.law.emory.edu/11circuit/
All Federal Law: http://cat.wuacc.edu/Harvest/brokers/fed/query.html
Only site to search across all Circuit Courts &
the U.S. Supreme Court.
Includes a breakout of District Courts available
within each circuit. Only Florida court available
is the Middle District Bankruptcy Court.
Cornell
http://www.law.cornell.edu/opinions.html
11th Circuit: http://www.law.emory.edu/11circuit/index.html
All Federal Circuits: http://www4.law.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/fx?DB=Circuits
Please note that Cornell will search across all Federal
Circuits simultaneously but not U.S. Supreme Court
cases.
FindLaw
http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/courts/index.html
11th Circuit: http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/courts/11th.html
(default site)
FedLaw
http://fedlaw.gsa.gov/legal31.htm
11th Circuit: http://www.legal.gsa.gov/legal31k.htm
Stetson
http://legalnet.law.stetson.edu/law/fedappeals.htm
11th Circuit: http://www.law.emory.edu/11circuit/
Clearly states where the information is coming from.
The U.S. House Internet Law Library
http://law.house.gov/6.htm
11th Circuit: http://www.law.emory.edu/11circuit/index.html
U.S. DISTRICT COURTS
Prepare to be disappointed. Coverage is very spotty
and we’re the poster child. These sites do not include
cases. Court information is given – filing, rules,
etc.
The following are the only sites available within
the 11th Circuit:
U.S. Bankruptcy Court Middle District of Florida
http://www.flmb.uscourts.gov/
U.S. Bankruptcy Court Middle District of Georgia
http://www.gamb.uscourts.gov/
U.S. District Court Middle District of Georgia
http://www.gamd.uscourts.gov/
U.S. Bankruptcy Court Northern District of Georgia
http://ecf.ganb.uscourts.gov/index.html
U.S. District Court Northern District of Georgia
http://www.gand.uscourts.gov/
STATE COURT JUDICIAL SOURCES
Note: Very few states have a lot of case law
available on the Internet.
The following sites are good jumping off points but
very few (if any) will be as good as a "local"
site. For the best information when searching out-of-state,
try to find a state law school or attorney homepage
that provides links. You can test a site by clicking
on Florida and seeing how comprehensive the listing
is. This may or may not be a good indicator of how
comprehensive other states may be but, at least, it
gives some indication.
© Always search more
than one site if possible.
The following provide links to State Courts:
Stetson
http://legalnet.law.stetson.edu/law/statelaw.htm
American Law Sources Online (ALSO)
http://www.lawsource.com/also/usa.cgi?fl
FindLaw
http://www.findlaw.com/11stategov/
The U.S. House Internet Law Library
http://law.house.gov/17.htm
WashLaw
http://lawlib.wuacc.edu/washlaw/uslaw/statelaw.html
Cornell
http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/lawlibrary/states/us.html
Emory
http://www.law.emory.edu/LAW/refdesk/country/us/state/
FLORIDA OPINIONS - JUDICIAL SOURCES
Your new mantra: "This can only get better.
This can only get better. This can only get better."
Florida Supreme Court
JOSHUA - Florida Supreme Court Homepage
http://www.flcourts.org/courts/supct/sctintro.html
Includes audio clips of oral arguments (that I can
never get to work).
Florida Supreme Court Rules & Court Orders
http://www.flcourts.org/courts/supct/ops.html
Gives weekly file for downloading. Great for up-to-the-minute
but useless for research. Homepage includes a link
to the UF archives.
University of Florida
http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~lawinfo/flsupct/index.html
Archived by week. Table of Cases. 9/95 through 4/98
available. Frustrating unless you know exactly when
the decision was released.
Florida Law Online (FLO)
http://www.gate.net/~wyman/flo/courts.html#supct
Decisions from 9/1/95. Full-text word search. You
can search across all of the years and months without
downloading or unzipping.
The Florida Lawyer
http://www.fla-law.com/courts.htm
Links to the Supreme Court homepage as well as FLO
and other sources.
Stetson
http://legalnet.law.stetson.edu/law/flresources.htm
Links to other sites but gives a nice overview of
what is available. (Please don’t shoot the messenger.)
District Courts of Appeal
Repeat Supreme Court mantra with more conviction.
© You can search
across all of the courts!
Obviously, this will be a lot more valuable in years
to come but it is still our best bet today!
Florida Law Weekly
http://www.polaris.net/~flw/flw.htm
Supreme Court & all DCAs searchable from 1995.
Includes FLW headnotes.
This is fee based but modestly priced.
FLORIDA COURT WEBSITES - JUDICIAL RESOURCES
Florida District Courts
These are extensions of JOSHUA.
Florida Circuit Courts
NOTE: The
URL in the handout is incorrect for the 6th Circuit.
The correct URL is
http://circuit6.co.pinellas.fl.us/.
EXECUTIVE REFERENCES
FEDERAL EXECUTIVE REFERENCES
Code of Federal Regulations
American Law Sources Online (ALSO)
http://www.lawsource.com/also/usa.cgi?us1#Z3Q
You have to do a lot of scrolling to find it but
it’s there.
To go straight to the search screen
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfr-table-search.html
Findlaw
http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/code.html
FedLaw
http://www.legal.gsa.gov/legal1g.htm
Provides links to several CFR sites.
National Archives
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfr-table-search.html
Federal Regulations
USGPO
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/aces/aces140.html
FedLaw
http://www.legal.gsa.gov/legal1g.htm
multiple links to several sites
University of California
http://www.gpo.ucop.edu/search/fedfld.html
for a different look
STATE EXECUTIVE REFERENCES
See Legislative and Judicial
Sections for good sites to access other state
law.
FLORIDA EXECUTIVE REFERENCES
Florida Administrative Code is not
available on the Internet but the Florida Administrative
Weekly is available at: http://election.dos.state.fl.us/faw/issues.htm.
It includes thirteen to eighteen weeks of issues.
It’s assumed that it drops off as it is included in
the FAC. It is browsable by issue.
Most of the Florida Departments have homepages. The
best jumping off point is:
Florida Law Online (FLO)
http://www.gate.net/~wyman/flo/exec.html#agencies
You’ll also find links to Executive Orders
http://www.gate.net/~wyman/flo/exec.html#agencies
and Executive Vetos for 1997 and 1998
1998: http://fcn.state.fl.us/eog/govdocs/veto/1998veto/veto98.html
and Division of Administrative Hearings
I couldn’t get the search engine to work. Not sure
if this is active.
And Attorney General Opinions
http://legal.firn.edu/opinions/index.html
Please note this site often has problems.
Florida Secretary of State Division of Corporate
Filings
http://ccfcorp.dos.state.fl.us/cgi-bin/corpweb.exe
You see all of the data but you can not request copies
of documents through the internet link. CompuServe
is more interactive but this is certainly more convenient
and contains the same data.
Department of Business and Professional Regulation
http://fcn.state.fl.us/oraweb/owa/dbpr2.qry_criteria
Florida Administrative Law Reports
http://www.falr.com/
This is a private database. To date, there is no
charge because it is in beta testing. It wasn’t working
when I tested it.
LEGAL RESEARCH AND WRITING AIDS
LEGAL DICTIONARIES
Blacks Law Dictionary
http://www.alaska.net/~winter/black_law_dictionary.html
Not complete
The Legal Glossary
http://www.ninja.state.fl.us/legglos.htm
Nice look. Produced by Fla’s 9th Circuit
Court
Duhaimie’s Law Dictionary
http://www.wwlia.org/diction.htm
Plain English
The Legal Lexicon’s Lyceum
http://www.lectlaw.com//def.htm
LEGAL CITATIONS
Introduction to Basic Legal Citation
http://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/citation.table.html
LAW REVIEWS
University Law Review Project
http://www.lawreview.org/
Hundreds of law reviews are available online. Includes:
U of Miami and FSU & Environmental and Land Use
Review. This looks very promising.
LAW BY TOPIC
Cornell Legal Research Encyclopedia
http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/lawlibrary/subjects.html
Includes references to print, CD, commercial on-line
services, and free internet links. The alphabetical
topics are more narrow and better fleshed out than
found at many other sites. Designed to help the serious
researcher find the answer regardless of medium.
Cornell’s Legal Information Institute
http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/topic1.html
Another wonderful Cornell site. It includes an overview
of the topic as well as major research resources available
covering the area.
Emory
http://www.law.emory.edu/LAW/refdesk/subject/
Broad topics but excellent layout. Very concise and
easy to use. Includes links to major organizations.
WashLaw
http://lawlib.wuacc.edu/washlaw/subject/subject.html
Links to sites free on the web arranged by topic
areas
FindLaw
http://www.findlaw.com/01topics/
Fewer, broader topics. Also lists software available
on specific topics. Ex: Bankruptcy forms. The software
is not necessarily available on the web but it is
a starting point.
Law Journal Extra Practice Areas
http://www.ljx.com/practice/
News oriented – big cases, big to-dos. Better for
keeping current than for serious research. Includes
employment opportunities. Bibliographic data allows
you to order books from commercial publishers online.
It isn’t Amazon.com but a step in the right direction.
Topics are broad.
Hieros Gamos
http://www.hg.org/hg2.html
The law is divided into 200 topics. It’s a great
international supermarket to everything from employment
opportunities to serious research. Hieros Gamos is
available in English, German, French, Spanish &
Italian at a click of a button. It can be frustrating
because it is very slow to load. Additinally, it can
be confusing to search. Lots of loops and easy to
get lost. I have tried to look up Bankruptcy information
and wound up at Court Reporters. Best for international
issues. Other sites have more in depth information
and links to US law.
CataLaw
http://www.catalaw.com/topics/Topics.shtml
Fewer broad topics. Not much substantive information.
Confusing links. Built more for the general public.
Litigation Specific
Rules of Procedure
http://www.llrx.com/columns/litigat.htm
Expert Witnesses –
http://everlove.net/expert.htm
There are a multitude of links from the Everlove & Associates homepage.
Expert Witnesses
http://www.catalaw.com/extra/Profession_Experts.shtml#FS
Expert Witness Network
http://www.witness.net/
Hieros Gamos Expert Witnesses
http://www.hg.org/litg.html
Online Directory of Expert Witnesses
http://www.claims.com/online.html
State Tobacco Information Center
http://stic.neu.edu/
Associated Industries of Florida
http://www.aif.com/
Association of Florida Trial Lawyers (AFTL)
http://www.aftl.org/
The Florida Bar – Trial Lawyers Section
http://www.flatls.org/library.htm
American Trial Lawyers Association (ATLA)
http://www.atlanet.org/
American Association of Legal Nurse Consultants
http://www.aalnc.org/
Defense Research Institute
http://www.dri.org/
LISTSERVS
There are thousands of discussion groups available
on legal related topics. Through e-mail, lively and
informative communications thrive. Need something
out-of-state? Got a tricky question that requires
more expertise? Throw the question to the group. Chances
are you’ll have a response in hours – if not minutes.
Tips on List Servs
- They can dominate your e-mail (and your life)
if you aren’t careful. The largest groups can slam
you with a hundred messages a day.
- Each site has different instructions to "unsubscribe."
Those instructions are listed at the site below
- If you subscribe to a large list, suspend your
subscription if you go away on vacation.
- Messages posted to the group are archived
and searchable. Remember whatever you write is preserved
– forever
- If you want to respond to an individual who posed
a question, be careful when you press the return
key on your e-mail. More often than not, you will
respond to the entire list. See note above!
Law Lists Info
http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/~llou/lawlists/info.html
The original by Lyonette Louis-Jacques at the University
of Chicago Law School. 210 pages of lists. Searching
"securities" netted eight different discussion
groups. (That’s enough!) You may have to be clever
in searching the list. "Real Property" netted
0 hits. "Real Estate" netted 2 hits. "Dirt"
netted 3 hits.
There are many more sites of lists but this is enough
(already)!
LEGAL NEWS
Law Journal Extra
http://www.ljx.com/
The original rag! Great news coverage.
The ABA Journal
http://www.abanet.org/journal
Nothing earlier than 8/97, includes article and column
reprints.
FindLaw Legal News
http://legalnews.findlaw.com/
Well organized. Everything from weather to tobacco
litigation links.
Law Street Journal
http://www.lawstreet.com/journal/index.html
Stick to WSJ. Some of the headline stories were two
weeks old.
Legi-Slate News
http://www.legislate.com/xp/p-daily/rarchive.view
D.C. news
Court TV Online
http://www.courttv.com/
Have some fun. Complete with flashing windows: "HOMICIDE.
Every night. At 9:00 p.m." Click on a picture
of Pamela Lee and find out who’s suing her now.
American Lawyer’s Media Law News Network
http://www.lawnewsnetwork.com/
Looks a lot like Law Journal Extra but not
as in-depth. Nice, quick read.
ATTORNEY DIRECTORIES
Martindale-Hubbell
http://www.martindale.com/locator/home.html
Free to use. Includes ratings. You can search practice
area and geographic area. Funded by firms who have
their web page designed and stored at MH.
West Legal Directory
http://www.wld.com/
Biographies are shorter than in MH. Practice areas
are slightly different, so it may be useful in those
situations. Funded by firms who have their web page
designed and stored at WLD.
The Florida Bar
Active members: http://www.flabar.org/newflabar/organization/Membership/MEMBERSact.html
Inactive members:
http://www.flabar.org/newflabar/organization/Membership/MEMBERSinact.html
COMMERCIAL SERVICES
Almost every commercial publisher has some or all
of their publications available on the Internet today.
West Group
West Group was formed in 1997 and is comprised of
the old West Publishing, Lawyer’s Co-operative Publishing,
and Clark Boardman Callaghan which was merged earlier
this decade. They are a subsidiary of Thomson Corporation
who also owns Research Institute of America. Prentice
Hall was merged into RIA several years ago.
Westlaw
http://www.westlaw.com/signon/default.asp
You still need to be a subscriber and you need an
active password. Only transactional billing will apply
unless you have a flatrate Westlaw agreement. Software
is slower and less sophisticated than Westmate software
but could be good for laptop traveling because there
is no need to load extra software.
WestDoc
http://www.westdoc.com/
Order cases by citation, parties or docket number
at $10.00 per case. It can be billed to your credit
card or to your Westlaw account. If you only need
one case, it’s probably cheaper than a trip to the
county law library.
KeyCite
http://www.keycite.com/
An alternative to Shepards, citations are $3.75 per
cites or per your Westlaw agreement.
On-line Store
http://www.westgroup.com/products/store/
Order lower priced West Group titles online.
Lexis/Nexis; Lexis Law Press
The other major publisher, Lexis owns almost everything
else. Merged with Matthew Bender, Shepards, Butterworth
(including the old D & S Publishing) and Michie,
Lexis has a comprehensive product line in print, cd
and online covering all primary and secondary areas.
Lexis
http://www.lexis.com/xchange/Components/authform.asp
Stronger software. See Westlaw for advantages to
searching on the Internet. You can also connect with
a credit card if you are not a subscriber.
Lexis Bookstore
http://www.lexislawpublishing.com/
Matthew Bender Authority On Demand
http://www.bender.com/bender/open/Webdriver?MIval=index_authority
Cool Concept. You can subscribe to Bender treatises
on the internet or pay as you go. Internet subscriptions
are priced about the same as cd or print. If you are
on a large network, usually internet connections have
fewer technical difficulties compared to cd-rom. Networking
cd’s can be a very difficult. The pay as you go plans
are expensive but allow access to materials that are
not used often enough to purchase. Warning screens
appear if you are stepping across your subscription.
You must agree to the terms before you are billed.
Shepard’s
http://www.shepards.com/
Rather than print or CD, you can Shepardize over
the internet. Comparable pricing. If you are not a
big user, you are better off Shepardizing on Westlaw
or Lexis – assuming you are a subscriber. Please note:
Shepard’s will not be available on Westlaw after July
1999.
Florida Law Weekly
http://www.polaris.net/~flw/flw.htm
All Florida appellate and Supreme Court cases from
1995. $60 per year if you are a print subscriber.
Allows thirty accesses per month. $.50 per access
after that. Decent search engine and your new cases
arrive on Thursday rather than the following Monday
or Tuesday.
VersusLaw
http://www.versuslaw.com/V/vindex.htm
Hold on to your socks. Here’s a small firm bargain.
Unlimited access at $6.95 per month per lawyer. It
includes all Federal and State cases (but nothing
else). As an example, Florida goes back to 1950 and
the 11th Circuit goes back to 1981, the
5th Circuit goes back to 1961. U.S. Supreme
Court Cases go back to 1900. If you just want a single
24-hour period, it’s $15.00. To order a single case,
it’s $7.00 by e-mail or $12.50 by fax. Just give them
a credit card number. It’s a decent search engine
too!
LOIS
http://www.pita.com/
Lois provides not just case law but statutory and
administrative materials too. Special offer at $1000
for a year of unlimited access. Unlike VersusLaw,
users can share passwords. This makes it a bargain
for larger firms. Does not cover all fifty states.
State access is available for roughly $500 per year.